Due to high demand, pricing and estimated turnaround times have increased for some service levels. Learn More
Due to high demand, pricing and estimated turnaround times have increased for some service levels. Learn More

Grading Standards

Grade Definitions

GEM-MT

PSA 10

A PSA 10 is a truly remarkable book that is virtually perfect. It will have sharp corners with no visible stress or wear, no spine stress that breaks color, no edge wear, full gloss (if the book was manufactured with a glossy surface), and bright colors. This book will have white pages.

NM / M

PSA 9.8

A PSA 9.8 book will have sharp corners but can have very minimal wear, very minor spine stress, or perhaps very minor edge wear. It will have excellent gloss and deep colors. Page quality is almost always off-white to white or better.

NM+

PSA 9.6

A PSA 9.6 book will have sharp corners but can have very minimal wear, minor spine stress with a few color breaks, scuffs, or perhaps very minor edge or tiny corner wear. Excellent gloss and deep colors. Paper is supple and "like new".

NM

PSA 9.4 / 9.2

A book in this range may have a few tiny spine stresses, an edge tear, or minor corner blunting. Covers are flat, fairly well-centered and firmly secured, with little fading and trace surface wear. Staples are clean.

VF

PSA 9.0 / 8.5 / 8.0 / 7.5

A book in this range will show increasing signs of wear and an accumulation of defects. Covers could have minor bends, minor creases that break color, or minor chips on the edges. Minor tanning may be present.

FN

PSA 7.0 / 6.5 / 6.0 / 5.5

A book in this range will have an accumulation of defects, which can include longer cover tears, color discoloration, fading, soiling, or light stains. Covers may be detached at one staple.

VG

PSA 5.0 / 4.5 / 4.0 / 3.5

A book in this range will have an increasing amount of defects, including major creases, low to no cover gloss, scuffs, abrasions, tears, and/or soiling. Staples may have rust or damage.

GOOD

PSA 3.0 / 2.5 / 2.0 / 1.8

A book in this range is complete with all pages but will have a few glaring defects. Larger pieces can be missing, with covers or pages being detached. Significant wear with gloss usually missing.

FA

PSA 1.5 / 1.0

A book in this range will usually look worn and damaged, may be stained, may have extensive tape repairs and could be heavily creased, torn, and/or soiled. Stories will be complete.

PR

PSA 0.5

This book will have major defects, including larger tears, heavy creases, and severe stains. Story pages or the front/back cover may be missing. Excessive tape may be present.

PR

PSA 0.3

This grade reflects an incomplete book. Most often this is a coverless book that may be complete or incomplete. It might be missing wraps, pages, or staples.

Additional Terms & Info

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